How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably

Special How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably
A view of the Al-Khafji Desalination Plant, the world's largest. (Vision 2030 photo)
Short Url
Updated 22 June 2024
Follow

How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably

How solar-powered desalination allows Saudi Arabia to produce potable water sustainably
  • Desalination of seawater allows parched Gulf nations to access plentiful water for farming and human consumption
  • To cut emissions, the Kingdom is adopting renewable energy sources to power its filtration and treatment plants

RIYADH: In regions with limited rainfall, desalination is a practical means of sourcing plentiful water for farming and human consumption. However, the process of turning seawater into freshwater is notoriously energy intensive.

Indeed, desalination is a significant contributor to carbon emissions in the water-scarce Arabian Peninsula. That is why Saudi Arabia has been investing in green energy sources to power its desalination plants.

“Using renewable energies for desalination is crucial as it contributes to reducing the operation’s carbon footprint and water production costs,” Sultan Al-Rajhi, spokesperson for the Saudi Water Authority, told Arab News.

 

 

Due to the scarcity of freshwater resources in a region with a rapidly growing population, seawater desalination is essential to keep pace with demand, he added.

“Saudi Arabia depends on desalination of seawater due to the nature of the desert climate, in which the presence of surface water and natural rivers is rare,” Al-Rajhi said.

In fact, desalination accounts for about 75 percent of the Kingdom’s water supply.

“Therefore, investment is being made in desalination of seawater to meet the demand for population and economic growth witnessed in the Gulf region as a whole.”

Each year, the Kingdom requires an average of 5.5 billion cubic meters of freshwater. The need for water is especially high during the Hajj and Umrah seasons, when well over a million pilgrims arrive from around the world.

Home to more than 37 million people, the Kingdom is the world’s third-largest consumer of water per head of population. Agriculture alone accounts for around 84 percent of total water consumption.




An alfalfa farm in Riyadh region's Wadi Ad-Dawasir governorate. (Supplied)

Desalination is a complex process that involves removing salt and other impurities from seawater. Since the process requires a significant amount of energy, adopting renewables such as solar to power these facilities has become a top priority.

“To develop climate-resilient infrastructure for sustainable desalination, Saudi Arabia should prioritize innovative and renewable technologies,” Abdulaziz Daghestani, area sales director of water utilities and country director at Grundfos, told Arab News.

Grundfos is a Danish company that is working with regional states to provide innovative pumping solutions for water supply, wastewater management, heating and cooling, and industrial processes. 

According to Daghestani, integrating advanced monitoring systems can help optimize desalination operations and enhance efficiency.

“Using real-time data and analytics, we can improve water management practices and make timely adjustments to meet the varying increasing demand for human consumption and agriculture,” he said.

The Qatrah program, which means “droplet” in Arabic, was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture in 2020, and aims to reduce excess water usage by eliminating waste, and encouraging the conservation and reuse of existing freshwater.

Its objective is to lower daily per-capita water consumption from 263 liters to 150 liters by 2030. To do this, the ministry has created a unified framework, known as the National Water Strategy, for the country.

However, despite these efforts to improve the sustainability of water systems, desalination remains a crucial means of meeting water demand, making the adoption of clean energy sources and efficient production techniques a critical priority.

DID YOUKNOW?

• In 2023, Saudi Arabia had a desalination capacity of 13.2m cubic meters per day.

• 7 million cubic meters of desalinated water have been generated by the Al-Khafji plant.

• Desalination accounts for 60 percent of the urban water supply in Saudi Arabia.

• Agriculture makes up 84 percent of the Kingdom’s water needs.

Al-Khafji Desalination Plant, located in the Kingdom’s Eastern Province, is the world’s largest solar-powered water desalination project, providing the region’s water requirements through an innovative and environmentally friendly approach.

The plant can generate up to 90,000 cubic meters of freshwater per day using innovative technology created by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. 

Its new Solar Saline Water Reverse Osmosis method uses a process known as ultra-filtration during the pre-treatment phase.




A view of the Ras al-Khair water desalination plant, owned by the Saudi government's Saline Water Conversion Corporation, along the Gulf coast in eastern Saudi Arabia. (AFP)

The method involves forcing seawater through a semipermeable membrane that only allows water molecules to pass, while blocking the salt and other contaminants. The resulting purified water is then collected for distribution.

Since its launch in 2018, more than 7 million cubic meters of freshwater produced by the plant have already been utilized.

“Using reverse osmosis technology is considered to have the lowest rates of carbon emissions as a result of the increase in energy efficiency through the development of this field in recent years,” said Al-Rajhi.

“The rate of carbon emissions per cubic meter in some desalination systems has been reduced to 91 percent compared with thermal desalination systems.”

Opinion

This section contains relevant reference points, placed in (Opinion field)

Solar is not the only source of renewable energy that can be adopted to power the desalination process.

“This is in addition to the prospective use of hydraulic turbines to convert the kinetic energy resulting from the flow of water into electricity to generate clean energy,” said Al-Rajhi.

This shift toward renewables not only addresses the high energy costs associated with desalination but also supports Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable development. 

Inger Andersen, executive director of the UN Environment Programme, has praised the Kingdom’s water conservation agenda, which is part and parcel with its environmental mission, the Saudi Green Initiative.




A farm in Wadi bin Hashbal, Saudi Arabia, was recently recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest sustainable farm in the world. (Supplied)

Saudi Arabia is correct to prioritize “not over-extracting and being very wise around environmental management.”

“That is why we are quite impressed by the Saudi Green Initiative,” she told Arab News.

This transition to cleaner energy sources reflects a strategic decision to enhance the Kingdom’s energy efficiency and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, while simultaneously addressing the challenges posed by climate change.

Integrating renewable energy into desalination processes marks a significant step toward achieving a more sustainable and environmentally-conscious approach to water production.
 

 


Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched
Updated 16 sec ago
Follow

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched

Unified database of official government policies on Arabic language launched
  • Project aims to offer valuable resource for academics, policymakers
  • Launch ceremony attended by distinguished experts from across region

RIYADH: A new unified database of official government policies on the Arabic language from 22 countries was launched on Monday.

Saudi Arabia’s King Salman International Academy for the Arabic Language, in partnership with the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, launched the Language Policy System Project in Arab States at ALECSO’s headquarters in Tunis.

The system has gathered language policy data from 22 Arab states, aiming to provide a resource that enables decision-makers, researchers, scholars and experts to undertake strategic linguistic work.

The project was developed in coordination with the Saudi National Commission for Education, Culture and Science.

The launch ceremony attracted a broad range of linguistic experts, institutions and specialists in language planning.

It was also attended by representatives of Arab states in the organization and secretaries of national committees, with more than 50 attendees in total.

The collaboration between KSGAAL and ALECSO plays a key role in advancing initiatives to promote the Arabic language, safeguard its purity and underscore its profound cultural significance, according to Mahmoud Al-Mahmoud, head of the Planning and Language Policy Sector at KSGAAL.

A standout feature of the project is its compilation of more than 1,800 language policies from 22 Arab countries.

Furthermore, the project links these policies to various fields of language planning, greatly enhancing the overall value of the initiative, Al-Mahmoud added.

KSGAAL will provide access to the extensive dataset for researchers, enabling them to leverage the information in a wide range of studies focused on language planning across Arab countries, Al-Mahmoud told Arab News.

The project stems from the academy’s belief in the value of language planning, aiming to achieve its objectives through conducting and publishing studies and research, as well as issuing periodic reports on the state of the Arabic language and its indicators, Al-Mahmoud said.

“The project is distinguished by its strategic significance in influencing language decisions, internationally and regionally, as well as its leadership in terms of both scope and quality,” he added.


Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe
Updated 6 min 28 sec ago
Follow

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe

Saudi book club brings together readers and writers from around the globe
  • Al Jalees Book Club was founded in 2014 and has a presence in Riyadh and Jeddah
  • American poets, novelists and academics from the University of Iowa attended talk

RIYADH: Bookworms and aspiring writers alike were given space to explore their creative talent and learn from seasoned authors at Al Jalees Book Club’s “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh this week.

The club was founded in 2014 by Rana Hajjar, a Jeddah native who wanted to create a productive and welcoming community for local readers and writers.

“Al Jalees is my passion project, I started it because I wanted a space to fit in, a community that understands my interest,” she said.

Hajjar said that although the literary community has very much always been alive in Saudi Arabia, it was very difficult to find each other. So the main goal of the club was for her and others to feel less alone.

Elizabeth Willis, professor of poetry at the University of Iowa at Al Jalees Book Club “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Al Jalees has an English department, run by Hajjar in Riyadh, and an Arabic department, run by her sister Rabab, in Jeddah.

Hosted in collaboration with the US Embassy, writers from a wide range of genres and diverse backgrounds were encouraged to attend the “Writing Across Nations” discussion to listen to and engage with American poets, novelists, and academics eager to share the toolkits they have developed to hone their craft.

According to Tom Sleigh, a poet, dramatist and essayist with 11 books of poetry in his arsenal, a common mistake up-and-coming writers commit is comparing their style with that of other authors and trying to live up to those standards, when true talent and audience intrigue comes from the uniqueness one offers in one’s work.

“The idiosyncrasy with which each person approaches their relationship to language meant that there was a kind of utterly unapologetic relationship to writing differently than each other,” he said.

Echoing Sleigh’s words, Cate Dicharry, director of the Writing and Humanities Program at the University of Iowa, said that although she has always been an avid reader, writing seemed unachievable, partly because many of the writers she admired had passed on, creating an enigmatic image of the published author that seemed impossible to emulate.

Al Jalees Book Club hosts “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Dicharry also said that young, ambitious students are “reading really good work that is in its final form,” and getting very discouraged when their first drafts do not sound as advanced, creating a fearful cycle that dims potential rather than develops it.

Toxic comparisons aside, all panelists agreed that the key to becoming a great writer is to be a great reader.

Christpher Merril, director of the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa, said that new writers will “fall in love” with a poet and begin imitating them, and if they are lucky enough, they will bore themselves and look for another poet to be encapsulated by.

“Bit by bit you fall in love with different poems (and poets) and then you find your way to writing your own poem,” he said.

In an interview with Arab News, Hajjar said that one non-fiction book everyone should read is “Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway” by Susan Jeffers, a self-help book Hajjar uses to advocate for breast and ovarian cancer awareness and prevention.

The fiction book she recommends is “East of Eden” by John Steinbeck, a multi-generational novel that explores the struggle between good and evil through the interconnected lives of two families in California’s Salinas Valley.

Recalling his time covering the war in former Yugoslavia, in preparation for writing his book: “Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars”, Merril spoke about how writing first begins with observing, whether that means observing people’s behaviors or the settings around you.

“Part of your job as a writer is you are paying attention, you’re taking notes, and you’re trying to think: how is he doing that?”

Through writing comes understanding; even if situations seem unclear at first, write them down first and examine the chaos later, Merril said.

Al Jalees Book Club hosts “Writing Across Nations” dialogue session in Riyadh. (Supplied, Al Jalees Book Club)

Responding to a question from Arab News, Merril said: “I am not going to imagine that I am writing from a place of knowledge about myself, I am writing from a place of vast ignorance, with the hope that some lights might go off along the way.”

Elizabeth Willis, professor of poetry at the University of Iowa, emphasized that writing fiction or other literary forms and understanding yourself as a person are both lifelong practices, so do not make your craft wait for you or it will be waiting forever.

Sleigh said that the quiet that comes with writing inadvertently gives you the space and freedom to work through matters in your own life, mirroring Merril’s “through writing comes understanding external concept internally.

Al Jalees hosts large events every month and over the years they have accumulated more than 120 speakers to join their sessions in over 700 events.

Moving Al Jalees online during the COVID pandemic helped open it up to the rest of the world

“When a book club turns into a culture club, turns into a club where everybody intellectual is all around it, it is a very positive impact for you, for your children, for your family, for your friends, and then you make friends through the thousands of people that you meet,” Hajjar said.

Readers and writers of all levels and backgrounds, as well as those simply interested in the community, are welcome to join their events, she said.

“Language is not just words; it is a lifestyle.”

Al Jalees hopes to expand its Jeddah-based Arabic chapter to Riyadh in the upcoming months, as well as to expand the English chapter to biweekly events.

 


Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop

Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop
Updated 49 min 6 sec ago
Follow

Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop

Japanese artist nails it with designs inspired by anime, K-pop
  • Nail artist Hikaru Morishita has built a loyal Saudi following
  • Aim is to recreate clients’ ‘innate personality into the design’

RIYADH: Japanese nail artist Hikaru Morishita is bringing her intricate nail designs inspired by anime and K-pop to Riyadh later this month. 

Based in the UAE, Morishita will kickstart her 2025 Gulf tour with a stop in Saudi Arabia’s capital from Jan. 23 to 25.

She is serving a new and loyal Saudi clientele who are fascinated by her eccentric creations. 

The self-taught nail artist told Arab News the story of her humble beginnings in 2019.

Morishita said she was left uninspired by the designs for nails in the industry at the time and decided to move in her own direction. 

She quickly earned recognition: “People started asking me a lot about nails, and I told myself maybe this is the thing that I should pursue.” 

Hikaru Morishita is bringing her anime-inspired nail art to Riyadh. (SUPPLIED)

She added: “Then I took my first client; she’s a girl that lived in the same apartment building that I used to live in … I spent five hours doing medium-length extensions.

“When I completed it (and) after she left my room, I had this joy that came from inside of me, and I screamed from joy … That is the kind of sensation I have never experienced, and I want to experience it over and over. It felt legitimate.” 

For three years, she balanced the life of a nail technician with a job as a secretary at a corporate firm. And in 2022 she began her first international nail tour, landing first in Riyadh. 

Today, she works as a fulltime nail artist and owns two businesses: TAMAMONO, a fine jewelry brand, and Chapa, a merchandise store for a penguin character she designed.

When Morishita begins filing and carving her transcendent nail designs, she enters a world of colorful self-expression, with the aim to instill a sense of confidence in her clients.

Hikaru Morishita is bringing her anime-inspired nail art to Riyadh. (SUPPLIED)

“What I really love about the way I do nails for my girls is not about me doing my favorite design on them, but I always try to make sure that I somehow recreate her innate personality into the design — like what she’s hiding and what is still sleeping inside of her.

“I try to make it shown on her nails, and when my girls see that, they say wow and have so much power.”

Morishita said she draws inspiration from “all the best nail techniques from each region worldwide” to create her self-coined style called “Universe No. 1 Almighty Nailz.” 

She combines techniques from Russia artists, known for their detailed cuticle work, and Kawaii (Japanese) and Gyaru (Korean) charm nail designs, inspired by cartoon characters and gaudy embellishments. 

Morishita is best known for specializing in the “encapsulation” method, a technique of painting nails that layers colors and holograms to create a “5D glassy crystal” look. Many of her designs are handcrafted in stiletto. 

Hikaru Morishita is bringing her anime-inspired nail art to Riyadh. (SUPPLIED)

She prides herself on creating durable acrylic nails that last up to two months, given the labor and hefty price tag starting at SR1,100 ($293). 

Morishita has created detailed dimensional designs inspired by popular Japanese anime including “Death Note” and “Demon Slayer,” as well as a bold nail set inspired by “Arcane,” a steampunk TV series.

Morishita has visited the Kingdom over 20 times and completed more than 115 tours to 13 countries. 

“This is why I keep traveling and keep going no matter what, because I feel like this energy is just so rare, and we just make everything happen just by doing their nails.”


Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 

Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 
The number of stones in one Misbah is either 33 or 99. (AN Photo Haifa Alshammari)
Updated 21 January 2025
Follow

Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 

Minzal in Diriyah offers visitors new outdoor activities 
  • The event offers visitors art workshops, live music, stargazing, horseriding, camping, and more
  • Stargazing, storytelling under the dark sky, and a warm cup of Saudi coffee while relaxing at the majlis on traditional Saudi seating promises to create long-lasting memories for people looking for calm away from the bustling city of Riyadh

RIYADH: People are flocking to attend the second season of the outdoor cultural attraction Minzal, which this winter has a series of new activities to experience.

Organized by Diriyah company as part of its winter season programs, Minzal takes place at Al Duhami Farm in Riyadh from Jan. 11 until Feb. 22.

The event offers visitors art workshops, live music, stargazing, horseriding, camping, and more.

“I thought it would be a simple activity such as shopping areas and coffee shops. I didn’t expect it to be like this,” Mubarak Al-Mansouri, who was visiting from the UAE, told Arab News. “I was surprised and impressed by how it was organized and what it offered. It shows it was organized very well.”

Visitors to Minzal will be able to explore several zones, with each focusing on one theme. For example, one of the areas at the farm is Al-Khayal, which offers horseriding.

In this zone visitors will have a chance to learn about horse breeds and pick up riding skills.

“The connection between horses and Arabs and the family in general is strong. I know horses and I have some relatives who have a deeper interest in horses, so horses are closely connected to us. The place tells you how they are linked to our traditions and heritage,” Al-Mansouri said.

Another zone is Al-Birwaz, where dining options, retail outlets, and workshops demonstrating traditional handicrafts are featured.

Fatimah Al-Ghamdi is an experienced crafter in Saudi Arabia. With more than 30 years’ experience, she has worked in several countries, including Russia, India and China, teaching people traditional Saudi crafts.

“It starts with the material that you use, regardless if it was from wicker or sadu. The material has to be original. For example, the wicker that is discharged or is dry isn’t the best to use,” Al-Ghamdi told Arab News.

Al-Ghamdi not only mastered crafts but taught her daughters too. Ibtisam is Fatimah’s daughter and a participant at Minzal. She teaches visitors how to make misbaha prayer beads.

“The making of misbaha is a traditional craft for us in Makkah and Madinah for pilgrims. It started there with the stones that were available there such as the red corals they used to get from the Red Sea, or the olive and date seeds,” Ibtisam said.

Along with Fatimah and her daughter Ibtisam, Ahmad Muhammad and Falih Al-Hakbani told Arab News about bishet making, which is traditional men’s wear for special occasions.

“Bishet making is either hand-made or by machine. The one that is done by machine has a double layer, whereas the one hand-made is made of one layer,” Muhammad said. “There are also different types of bishet, such as al-bakhiah, in which the sewing thread and textile both have the same color.” 

At Minzal there is also a comfy seating area for socializing with family and friends around an open fire and listening to live music at the Al-Mashb Zone.

At Al-Mashb, people relax and enjoy delicious bites before they move to the next adventure, the stargazing area, where they learn about the galaxy and stars.

Stargazing, storytelling under the dark sky, and a warm cup of Saudi coffee while relaxing at the majlis on traditional Saudi seating promises to create long-lasting memories for people looking for calm away from the bustling city of Riyadh.

Minzal is just one of many programs during the Diriyah season this year that feature the warmth of Saudi hospitality and traditions. 


All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend

All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend
Updated 21 January 2025
Follow

All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend

All trails lead to AlUla for top endurance racing this weekend
  • AlUla contest will have 1,450 runners taking part
  • SR130,000 prize pot, SR20,000 for 100km winner

ALULA: The much-anticipated AlUla Trail Race will feature over 1,450 athletes racing on several courses on Jan. 23 and 24.

The contest features six courses for a wide variety of ages including the bucket list 100 km Hegra Hundred Ultra-Marathon, and is almost sold out, according to its website.

This year’s AlUla Trail Race weekend will have a 1.6 km Kids Run and 3 km Sunset Run, while those looking to test their limits will have an opportunity to take on the 10 km AlUla Oasis Run.

This year’s event offers a prize pool of SR136,000, with the winner of the 100 km Hegra Hundred Ultra-Marathon earning SR20,000.

There are also cash prizes for the podium finishers of the 10 km AlUla Oasis Run, 23 km Elephant Rock Run, and 50 km Al-Mejdar Ultra-Marathon.

Located in northwest Saudi Arabia, AlUla’s unique and stunning terrain offers runners the chance to navigate ancient trails once traveled by traders and pilgrims.

The area is surrounded by sprawling desert landscapes, towering rock formations, and verdant green oases.

In addition to the races, the Race Village will have food trucks, specialty coffee, live entertainment, and opportunities to explore AlUla’s remarkable heritage.

Runners will also have access to recovery zones with physiotherapy services for post-race care.