Nowruz a time of unity and hope, resilience and renewal

Nowruz, which means “new day” in Persian, is one of the oldest and most widely celebrated festivals in the world. Marking the arrival of spring and the beginning of the Persian New Year, this ancient tradition is observed by more than 300 million people across countries including Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, India, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkiye and Uzbekistan.

For Iranians, Nowruz is more than just a holiday, it is a deeply embedded cultural and social event that represents renewal, hope and the triumph of light over darkness. Despite economic hardships and political tensions, Nowruz remains a time for reflection, family gatherings and the preservation of centuries-old customs. However, this year, as inflation soars and geopolitical conflicts intensify, many Iranians are finding it increasingly difficult to celebrate in the way they once did.

Nowruz dates back more than 3,000 years, with its origins linked to Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest known religions. In Zoroastrian belief, the transition from winter to spring is seen as a divine moment of balance and renewal; a time when nature comes back to life and the forces of light overcome darkness. Over the centuries, Nowruz transcended religious boundaries and became a secular celebration embraced by various cultures, evolving into a major festival that continues to be cherished today.

For Iranians, Nowruz is more than just a holiday, it is a deeply embedded cultural and social event

Dr. Majid Rafizadeh

The festival takes place on the vernal equinox, the precise moment when day and night are of equal length, symbolizing harmony and new beginnings. This alignment of celestial forces was historically seen as a sign of cosmic order, reinforcing the belief that Nowruz represents not only the rebirth of nature but also a fresh start for individuals, families and societies.

In addition, Nowruz is a time of profound social significance, as it fosters connections among families, friends and communities. It is a period when people set aside their daily struggles and come together to celebrate unity and renewal. The preparations for Nowruz begin weeks in advance, with an emphasis on cleansing one’s home and spirit.

One of the most cherished customs is “khane takani,” which literally means “shaking the house.” This tradition involves deep-cleaning homes, washing carpets, replacing old items and organizing belongings. Beyond its practical purpose, this custom symbolizes a fresh start, the removal of past negativity and the welcoming of a prosperous year ahead.

The days leading up to Nowruz are also filled with social visits, with people reconnecting with relatives, neighbors and friends. It is customary for younger members of the family to visit their elders, offering respect and receiving blessings for the new year. Gift-giving, particularly “eidi” — money given to children as a symbol of prosperity — is another integral part of the celebration.

So, Nowruz serves as a powerful social equalizer, as people from all walks of life participate in the festivities regardless of economic status, religion or ethnicity. Whether rich or poor, young or old, everyone embraces the spirit of renewal and hope.

Nowruz is not confined to Iran. It is celebrated across a vast geographical region, each country adding its own unique customs while preserving the core essence of the festival. In Afghanistan, for example, the beginning of Nowruz is marked by the “Guli Surkh” (red flower) festival, involving outdoor celebrations and poetry readings. In Central Asia, horse racing and traditional games accompany the holiday, while in parts of the Caucasus, large public feasts are held.

Music, dance and poetry play an essential role in Nowruz festivities. In Iran, “ta’zieh” (passion plays) and “naqqali” (traditional storytelling) bring centuries-old narratives to life, reflecting themes of heroism, love and moral lessons. The recitation of Persian poetry, particularly from the works of Hafez and Rumi, is also a cherished part of Nowruz gatherings.

Despite regional differences, the underlying themes of Nowruz — renewal, gratitude and unity — remain universal. It is one of the few celebrations that transcends political and religious divisions, uniting millions across different backgrounds in a shared expression of hope.

It is one of the few celebrations that transcends political and religious divisions, uniting millions across different backgrounds

Dr. Majid Rafizadeh

In Iran, Nowruz festivities officially begin on the last Wednesday before the new year with “Chaharshanbe Suri,” the fire festival. On this night, people light bonfires and jump over them while chanting, “My sickness to you, your warmth and health to me.”

The centerpiece of Nowruz celebrations is the Haft Seen table, an arrangement of seven symbolic food items that each start with the Persian letter “S.” The festivities conclude on the 13th day with “Sizdah Bedar,” when families leave their homes to spend time in nature.

While Nowruz is meant to be a joyous occasion, this year’s celebrations in Iran are clouded by economic struggles. Iranians are facing severe inflation, with rates consistently nearing 50 percent, making it increasingly difficult for families to afford traditional Nowruz essentials.

The Iranian rial has also devalued significantly, further reducing purchasing power. Many families that formerly celebrated Nowruz lavishly are now forced to cut back, forgoing traditional feasts and new clothing for their children. In many households, the Haft Seen table will be more modest than in previous years, reflecting the financial hardships that continue to weigh on the population. Adding to these economic struggles are escalating tensions between the Trump administration and Israel on one side and Iran on the other.

Despite these challenges, Nowruz remains a symbol of resilience and renewal. It is a time to reflect on the past year, embrace the hope of new beginnings and hold onto traditions that have endured for thousands of years. Even in difficult times, the spirit of Nowruz reminds people that brighter days lie ahead.

Happy Nowruz to all those who celebrate. May this new year bring prosperity, happiness and fulfillment. May hardships ease and may the light of renewal shine upon all.

• Dr. Majid Rafizadeh is a Harvard-educated Iranian American political scientist. X: @Dr_Rafizadeh